CVE DATABASE / CVE-2012-0391
CVE-2012-0391
Apache Struts 2 Improper Input Validation Vulnerability
CVSS 9.8 · CRITICAL
⚠ CISA KEV — ACTIVELY EXPLOITED
On the CISA KEV catalog
Confirmed exploited in the wild. Added 2022-01-21.
Federal remediation due 2022-07-21.
Required action: Apply updates per vendor instructions.
Summary
The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
CVSS 3.1 breakdown
| Base score | 9.8 (CRITICAL) |
| Vector | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
| Attack vector | NETWORK |
| Attack complexity | LOW |
| Privileges required | NONE |
| User interaction | NONE |
| Scope | UNCHANGED |
| Confidentiality | HIGH |
| Integrity | HIGH |
| Availability | HIGH |
Weakness type (CWE)
Affected products
Apache struts
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References
- http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html
- http://secunia.com/advisories/47393
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html
- http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html
- http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329
- https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668
- https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt
- https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391
Data: NIST NVD + CISA KEV. NVD last modified 2026-04-22. Always verify against the vendor advisory before acting.